UPSCpedia: Economedia: External Commercial Borrowings

• External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) include bank loans, suppliers' and buyers'  credits, fixed and floating rate bonds (without convertibility) and borrowings from  private sector windows of multilateral Financial Institutions such as International  Finance Corporation.
• In India, External Commercial Borrowings are being permitted by the Government for providing an additional source of funds toIndian corporates and PSUs for financing expansion of existing capacity and as well as for fresh investment, to augment theresources available domestically.
• ECBs can be used for any purpose (rupee-related expenditure as well as imports) except for investment in stock market and speculation in real estate.
• External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) are defined to include    commercial bank loans,  buyer’s credit,  supplier’s credit,  securitised instruments such as floating rate notes, fixed rate bonds etc.,  credit from official export credit agencies,  commercial borrowings from the private sector window of multilateral financial institutions such as IFC, ADB, AFIC, CDC etc. and  Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) in dedicated debt funds
• Applicants are free to raise ECB from any internationally recognised source like banks, export credit agencies, suppliers of equipment, foreign collaborations, foreign equity - holders, international capital markets etc.
• The important aspect of ECB policy is to provide flexibility in borrowings by Indian corporates, at the same time maintaining prudent limits for total external borrowings. The guiding principles for ECB Policy are to keep maturities long, costs low, and encourage infrastructure and export sector financing which are crucial for overall growth of the economy.